Alkaline hydrolysis, also known as aquamation, water cremation, or resomation, is an innovative and eco-friendly alternative to traditional cremation and burial. This method offers families a dignified and environmentally conscious way to say goodbye to their loved ones. Using water, heat, and alkaline chemicals, the process gently breaks down the body into its essential components. Unlike traditional cremation, which involves high temperatures and combustion, alkaline hydrolysis relies on natural chemical reactions to reduce the body to liquid and skeletal remains. These remains are treated respectfully, with the liquid safely disposed of and the bone fragments returned to the family.
This method is gaining traction as more people seek sustainable options for end-of-life care. Its reduced environmental impact, including lower energy use and fewer emissions, makes it an appealing choice for those concerned about their ecological footprint. Additionally, it aligns with cultural and personal preferences for those seeking a modern yet respectful approach to funeral practices.
The Process
Alkaline hydrolysis is a scientific yet gentle process designed to mimic the natural decomposition that occurs in soil. It takes what nature does over many years and completes it within a matter of hours. Here’s a closer look at how it works:
The process begins with placing the body in a stainless-steel chamber. This chamber is filled with a solution of water and alkaline chemicals, such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The solution creates a highly alkaline environment that facilitates the breakdown of organic material. Once the body is prepared, the chamber is sealed, and heat and pressure are applied to accelerate the reaction. The temperature inside the chamber typically ranges between 200 and 300°F (93–150°C). Unlike traditional cremation, the process doesn’t involve flames, and the pressure prevents the liquid from boiling.
Over the course of several hours, the alkaline solution dissolves the organic material, leaving behind two main components: a sterile liquid and bone fragments. The liquid is completely safe for disposal through wastewater systems, and the remaining bones are thoroughly rinsed, dried, and processed into a fine powder. This powder, similar in appearance to traditional cremation ashes, is returned to the family in an urn, providing a tangible and meaningful keepsake.
Families can choose to scatter, bury, or place the remains in a columbarium. The flexibility of this process allows it to suit various cultural, religious, and personal preferences.
The Remains
One of the most significant questions families have about alkaline hydrolysis is what happens to the remains. The outcome is a sterile liquid and bone fragments, both treated with the utmost care and respect.
The sterile liquid, often referred to as effluent, contains water, salts, amino acids, and other dissolved organic components. This liquid is environmentally safe and can be responsibly discharged into local wastewater treatment systems. Some facilities may even use the liquid as fertilizer, though this depends on local regulations.
The remaining bone fragments are pure white and completely clean. Unlike traditional cremation, where the bones may take on a grayish hue due to ash and combustion residue, the fragments from alkaline hydrolysis are free of contaminants. These bones are then ground into a fine, powder-like substance, which families can choose to keep in an urn, scatter, or use in memorial keepsakes. The result is a meaningful and tangible connection to the deceased, providing comfort to loved ones.
Where Alkaline Hydrolysis is Available
Alkaline hydrolysis is gaining acceptance worldwide, though its availability varies based on regional laws and regulations. In the United States, over 20 states have legalized the process, including California, Florida, Oregon, and Minnesota. Other states, like New York, are considering legislation to permit its use. Canada is also making strides, with alkaline hydrolysis available in provinces such as British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec.
Globally, countries like Australia and South Africa have begun offering this option, and interest is growing in the United Kingdom and several European nations. As awareness of its environmental benefits spreads, more regions are expected to legalize and adopt alkaline hydrolysis.
For families interested in this option, it’s essential to research local funeral homes or providers to determine whether alkaline hydrolysis is available in their area. Providers often list this service as part of their offerings, making it easier for individuals to plan ahead or make informed decisions for their loved ones.
Names It Is Known Under
Alkaline hydrolysis is recognized by various names, reflecting its different aspects and benefits. Some of the most common terms include:
- Aquamation: Highlighting the water-based nature of the process
- Water Cremation: Drawing a parallel to traditional cremation but using water instead of fire
- Resomation: A trademarked term used by some providers
- Bio-Cremation: Emphasizing the eco-friendly and sustainable aspects
- Green Cremation: Focusing on the environmentally conscious benefits
These terms may vary depending on the provider or region, but they all describe the same respectful and modern method of disposition.
For an in-depth look at aquamation and answers to over 50 common questions, visit Aquamation: 50+ Questions Answered. This guide explores everything from the science behind the process to its cultural and environmental implications, helping families make informed choices about this innovative funeral practice.
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